After more than 2 weeks I rceived an Answer from Artillery.
Regarding the broken filament they are offering me a new extruder, the scratches should be my fault due to a wrong z-offset
To get a new extruder I'm intended to complete a "Customer information filling form(3)"....
The answer I mentioned above shows me, that they did not got the problem. Both faults are firmware faults.
That does not help me, I'm on Linux Mint and Artillery Studio does not work properly with newest WINE.
Last week I got a used iMac and upgraded it to "Sequioa" with the help of Opencore.
Unfortunately the MAC Soft didn't run at all, its only for ARM processors..